Kinetics Lab Report Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Energy - Lab Report Example 4. Take a clock from the upper right hand corner of the screen and spot it on the workbench. Hold up till you acquire a round number on the clock to start timing the response. Be prepared to start timing the response when you add the ammonium persulfate to the arrangement in the 250 mL recepticle. 3. Include 1 ml of starch pointer and 0.05 ml of 0.1 M EDTA arrangement from the Chemical Shelf to the equivalent 250 ml measuring utencil. This drop of EDTA arrangement is to limit the impacts of follow amounts of metal particle contaminations that would cause misleading consequences for the response. 4. Take a clock from the upper right hand corner of the screen and spot it on the workbench. Hold up till you get a round number on the clock to start timing the response. Be prepared to start timing the response when you add the ammonium persulfate to the arrangement in the 250 mL measuring utencil. 5. Set up a 0.1 M arrangement of ammonium persulfate by weakening the 0.2 M arrangement. To do this take a 50 ml container from the Glassware Shelf and spot it on the workbench. Include 12.5 ml of water and 12.5 ml of 0.2 M ammonium persulfulate. 3. Include 1 ml of starch pointer and 0.05 ml of 0.1 M EDTA arrangement from the Chemical Shelf to the equivalent 250 ml container. This drop of EDTA arrangement is to limit the impacts of follow amounts of metal particle polluting influences that would cause fake consequences for the response. 4. Take a clock from the upper right hand corner of the screen and spot it on the workbench. ... This drop of EDTA arrangement is to limit the impacts of follow amounts of metal particle polluting influences that would cause misleading consequences for the response. 4. Take a clock from the upper right hand corner of the screen and spot it on the workbench. Hold up till you acquire a round number on the clock to start timing the response. Be prepared to start timing the response when you add the ammonium persulfate to the arrangement in the 250 mL measuring glass. 5. Set up a 0.1 M arrangement of ammonium persulfate by weakening the 0.2 M arrangement. To do this take a 50 ml measuring utencil from the Glassware Shelf and spot it on the workbench. Include 12.5 ml of water and 12.5 ml of 0.2 M ammonium persulfulate. 6. To start the response, include the substance of the 50 ml measuring glass to the 250 ml recepticle by hauling the 50 ml container on the 250 ml recepticle and choosing all. 7. Record the ideal opportunity for the presence of the dark shading. 16 ml of Ammonium persulphate Preliminary 3 1. Take a 250 ml measuring utencil from the Glassware Shelf and spot it on the workbench. 2. Include 25 ml of 2 M NaI arrangement from the Chemicals Shelf to the measuring utencil. Weaken the NaI answer for 0.1 M by including 25 ml of water. 3. Include 1 ml of starch pointer and 0.05 ml of 0.1 M EDTA arrangement from the Chemical Shelf to the equivalent 250 ml measuring glass. This drop of EDTA arrangement is to limit the impacts of follow amounts of metal particle debasements that would cause deceptive consequences for the response. 4. Take a clock from the upper right hand corner of the screen and spot it on the workbench. Hold up till you acquire a round number on the clock to start timing the response. Be prepared to start timing the response when you add the ammonium persulfate to the arrangement in the 250 mL measuring glass. 5. To start the response, include 25.0 mL of the 0.2 M ammonium

Trajan Emperor of Rome free essay sample

This paper talks about the life of Marcus Ulpius Trajanus, Emperor of Rome, his ascent to power and rule as ruler. The accompanying paper talks about Trajans rule as a close to consummate Roman ruler. The author analyzes what Trajan achieved during his rule, including reestablishing the treasury that had been exhausted under Domitians rule, making the domain experience an extension program that had not been seen since before the hour of Augustus, bringing down duties, augmenting open works and redesigning Italys streets. Marcus Ulpius Trajanus was conceived on the fourteenth day before the kaleds of March or at the end of the day, September eighteenth, most likely in the year AD 52 at Italica close to Seville, Spain. Being of Spanish inception made him the main head who didn't originate from Italy, despite the fact that he was from an old Umbrian family from Tuder in northern Italy. Having decided to settle in Spain, the family was not a simply commonplace one (Empire, pg). We will compose a custom paper test on Trajan Emperor of Rome or then again any comparative subject explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page Trajan was the child of a Senator, Consul, and Governor of Asia and Syria. His dad, likewise Macus Ulpius Trajanus, told the Tenth Legion Fretensis in the Jewish War of AD 67-68. He became emissary in AD 70 and in AD 75 he became legislative leader of Syria, which was one of the key military regions in the realm.

Financial Analysis Of Bradesco Finance Essay - Free Essay Example

The term refers to the basis statement of Balance sheet, Income Statement and other calculated information about the Company Bradesco (Brazil). The Financial analysis is the process to identify the financial strength and weakness of the firm from the available accounting data and financial statement. The financial report is created by selecting different relating information and evaluating to find out the situation of the Bank. Here we are going to see the different Ratio Analysis of the Bradesco Bank and its position for 3- 4 years. Objective of the Study The basic objective of studying the ratios of the company is to know the financial position of the company. To know the borrowings of the company as well as the liquidity position of the company. Get to know about the current assets and current liabilities so as to know whether the shareholder could invest in Bradesco Bank or not. To study the profits of the Business and net sales of the business and to know the stock reserve for sales of the business. To know the solvency of the business and the capacity to give interest to the long term loan lenders (debenture holders) and divided to the share holders. To study the balance of cash and credit in the organization. Source of financial information The Financial data needed in the financial analysis come from many sources. Primary source is the data provided by the company itself in its annual report and required disclosures. The annual report comprises of Balance sheet, Income statement, Capital Adequacy information, Income breakdown, detailed level of Provision for Bad debts, Percentage of market share of Bank, structured details of income and expenses incurred by Bank, statement of cash flows etc. The other information contains various risk factors of the bank and other relevant information of the bank. Tools of Financial Analysis In the analysis of financial statements, the analyst has a variety of tools available to choose the best suits for specific purpose. In this report I confine to Ratio analysis based on information provided from financial statements such as Balance sheet and Income statement which is priority information provider. About the Bank Bradesco Banco Bradesco was founded in 1943 as a commercial bank under the name Banco Brasileiro de Descontos S.A.. In 1948, we entered a period of intense expansion, which made us becoming Brazils largest commercial bank in the private sector at the end of the 1960s. We expanded our activities nationwide during the 1970s, conquering Brazilian urban and rural markets. In 1988, we incorporated our housing loan subsidiaries, our investment bank, and our finance company, making us a multiple bank and then we changed our name to Banco Bradesco S.A. We are one of Brazils largest private banks (non controlled by government) in terms of total assets. We provide a wide range of banking and financial products and services in Brazil and abroad to individuals, small to mid-sized companies and major local and international corporations and institutions. We have the most extensive private-sector branch and service network in Brazil, which permits us to reach a diverse customer base. Our services and products encompass banking operations such as lending and deposit-taking, credit card issuance, consortiums, insurance, leasing, payment collection and processing, pension plans, asset management and brokerage services. It was considered the best company in customer services in 2009, according to a survey, the first of its kind, conducted by Exame magazine together with the Brazilian Institute of Customer Services Relationship (IBRC). It is the leading bank of the seventh edition of the survey Companies that Respect Customers the Most, conducted by Consumidor Moderno magazine in partnership with Shopper Experience. Ratio Analysis Ratio analysis is the widely used tool for the financial analysis. The term ratio is calculated by logical and mathematical relationship between two individual groups of values selected from the financial statement. We can see a different kind of ratios here which can allow the investor to analyze about the situation of the Bank to invest more or less and gives the bank a opportunity to attract the investors to fulfill the capital requirements in future for expansion of its business. Classification of Ratios: Profitability Ratios Liquidity Ratios Capital Adequacy Ratios Asset Quality Ratios Market Risk Ratios Solvency Ratios Credit Risk Ratios Efficiency Ratio Income-expense Ratios Non-performing assets Ratios Investment Ratios We are going to analyze the various general values of the bank by seeing the Balance sheet of the Bank to evaluate the financial condition of the bank whether increasing or decreasing which means a good indication or bad with respective to the bank. The Bank Bradesco Financial Health analysis report is developed using the CAMELS framework of the Bank. With rapid growth in the financial markets and instruments banks became the important set of investors in the world. As profitability of the bank became a highly exposed to risks arising out of fluctuations in market pieces of a variety of financial instruments. There is no more changes in most of the portfolio of the Banks from 2005 2007 were all the ratios and other indicators remains increasing every year which is positive outlook for the bank. But there is more changes happened in bank portfolios and profitability ratio indicators from 2007 which is described precisely with graphs and why is it so happened and what are the measure the bank has to take to tackle this situation from 2006-2010 year. Total Assets: The total assets of the bank are increasing for every year which means a good indication for the bank. Bank has increased 63% of its assets in 2009 from 2007.When we look at the Table the Total assets gives the two quarter indication for the year 2010 but when compared with year 2009 it seems at the end of 2010 the bank is in position to get good assets backed on its portfolio. Even though the Assets of the bank are increasing the bank investments has to be minimal to get the liquidity whenever required. This again depends on whether bank has invested in Long term or short-term investments which we will be seeing in the next coming ratios. Year Total Assets In Millions $ 2005 208683 2006 265547 2007 341144 2008 454413 2009 506223 Total Loans: The Banks total Loans percentage is increased from 2007 to 2008 drastically. Bank has increased 55.6 % of loan in the year 2008 when compared to 2007 and again the percentage is dropped with 5-8% in the year 2009 and we can expect in the year 2010 it may again drop due to increase in Bad debts. The Loans given to the public corporate depends on the profitability of the bank. Loans are the highest-Yield assets for the Bank when compared to securities. Year Total Loans In Millions $ 2005 81130 2006 116225 2007 137112 2008 179995 2009 190989 2010(two-Qtr) 478336 Total Securities Invested in government: The below table shows that the percentage of the government securities invested with Total securities is Decreasing from 2007 tom 2009. Normally banks percentage of investment is more in government securities where those securities returns are Guaranteed and very less attractive in interest rates. So, Bradesco has done some changes in its investments by contributing less in government securities year on year to attain some good return by some other way. Year Total Securities Govt Securities % of govt sec. investment decreasing yr by yr 2005 204875 123691 63.7 2006 235985 143367 57.3 2007 423661 208332 49.1 2008 488093 226942 46.4 2009 571269 251854 44.0 Total Securities Invested in Private: When we look at the below graph of Percentage of Investment in the private securities it is getting increasing every year. Bank has decided to take some risk on its returns to increase its portfolio by investing more in the private securities where it will get good percentage of returns in the short-term Long term. When compared to Securities, Loans are the Higher yield of earnings for the Bank. Bradesco is investing in Short-term securities more than in Long-term securities because Long-term securities tend to carry greater market risk due to change in interest rates. Since Bradesco investing both in Long-term also which is Non-guaranteed private securities usually face credit risk than short-term securities. Year Total Private % of Private securities increasing 2005 204875 81184 8.47 2006 235985 92618 9.29 2007 423661 66828 15.77 2008 488093 91092 18.66 2009 571269 113967 19.949 Total Deposit: When we look at the Bank Balance sheet the different kind of Deposits like Demand deposit, Savings Deposit, Interbank, Time and others. All these different kind of deposits have increased every year from 2007 to 2010 when we look at the below table of total deposit. When the deposits increased it internally means the Liability of the bank is increasing every year where the bank to look out for the more short-term investments rather than Long-term investment because when a situation of contingency raised the banks needs an expected liquidity to face the contingent events. For example Due to any bad event on the bank when depositors felt to withdraw the amounts from the bank then the bank will be in trouble if no proper liquidity is maintained. Year Total Deposit In Millions $ 2005 75406 2006 83905 2007 98323 2008 164493 2009 171073 2010(Two-Qtr) 249175 Total Non-Performing Assets: The Non-Performing Assets are the Bad Debts for the Bank where no Interest or earnings are returned to the bank. So banks write off these kinds of assets in its balance sheet as Non-performing assets. For Bradesco the Non-performing assets is increasing every year which is not a good indication for a bank. Where the increase in the Bad debts of the bank lead to decrease in the earnings of the bank. So management of the bank has to look at this factor to tighten the Loan policies. When we look at the table nearly 50% increases in bad debts from year 2007 to 2009. Year Total NPA In Millions $ 2005 17753 2006 23543 2007 29,062 2008 36155 2009 56561 2010(Two-Qtr) 31618 Net Income After Tax: The below table shows the small percentage of increases every year in the Net income after tax. Even though the Net income of the bank increases every year it seems the bank is not performing as expected. The net income is getting decreased every year due to income tax breaks as one of the factor followed by bank. Bank has to concentrate to invest more in Tax-exempt investment tools to decrease the income tax breaks calculated every year. When we look at the Income statement in the company Financial statement the income tax paid by company increases every year from 2007 -2010 which reduces the Net income. Year Net Income after Tax In Millions $ 2005 5513 2006 6363 2007 7210 2008 7625 2009 8012 2010(Two-Qtr) 4562 Total Loans and Leases: The Bank Total Loans and Leases is increasing every year which is one of the good earning asset of the bank. The Loans can have a provision to become as Bad debts but the more assets of the Leases will be giving high earnings to the bank every year. Year Total Loans and Leases In Millions $ 2005 81130 2006 116225 2007 137112 2008 179955 2009 190989 2010(Two-Qtr) 156695 Income Tax Paid: When we look at the below Graph the income tax paid by the bradesco is increasing year on year which is not a good indication for the bank earnings. The income tax of the bank is squeezing the earnings of the bank every year.So bank has to derive some ideas to decrease the income tax paid by increasing the Tax-exempt securities which should give good returns with low-high risk depends on the bank portfolio expansion. Year Income Tax Paid In Millions $ 2005 2224 2006 2212 2007 2432 2008 2729 2009 2566 2010(Two-Qtr) 2171 Credit Risk-I: The Credit risk-I is calculated by dividing the Total Loans by Total Deposit where it shows the default by a borrower to whom the bank has extended credit.When we look at the table of values every year the Credit Risk is gettting decreased only a relatively small percentage of total loans turns bad to push the bank to decrease the earnings.The bank examiners representing the regulatory community may become mmore concerned because loans are usually among the riskiest of all banks assets and therfore deposits may be carefully protected. A rise in the bad loans or declining market values of otherwise good loans relative to the amount of a banks deposits creates greater depositor risk. Year Total Loans Total Deposit Credit Risk-I 2005 170392 211525 0.80 2006 210204 221759 0.94 2007 478366 351822 1.36 2008 644708 533125 1.21 2009 731383 675676 1.08 2010(Two-Qtr) 406,695 349175 1.16 Credit Risk-II: Year NPA Total Loans Leases Credit Risk in Ratio Credit Risk in % 2005 17753 170392 0.104 10.4 2006 23543 210204 0.112 11.2 2007 29062 478366 0.06 6.07 2008 36155 644708 0.06 5.6 2009 56561 731383 0.08 7.73 2010(Two-Qtr) 31618 406695 0.08 7.77 The Credit Risk-II is calculated by diving the Non-performing assets with the total Loans and Leases. The credit Risk is increasing every year. When we look at the Provision for doubtful debts in the financial statements of Bradesco the Net charge off values which is declared as worthless and written off in the books is increasing. Bank has to take some measure to look back the values of Charge off to make the earnings stable by decreasing the percentage of NPA Values. Liquid Ratio-I: The values of the table below shows that the Liquidity risk for the Bank is very high where the values are in decreasing mode from year 2007-2009. The bank moves ahead to meet the danger of having insufficient cash to meet a banks obligations when due. This ratio is calculated by dividing the Cash investment in Government securities with the total assets. The securities taken as short-term securities which can be easily converted as Cash when need arises. Bankers should take as immediate decision on to improve the Liquidity to meet the deposit withdrawals, Loan demand, and other cash needs. Year Cash+Govt sec Total Asset Liquid Ratio-I 2005 155469 796454 0.19 2006 138574 958065 0.14 2007 227079 1231305 0.18 2008 254333 1635777 0.16 2009 283905 1956526 0.15 2010(Two-Qtr) 152872 1090726 0.14 Liquid Ratio-II: This ratio is calculated by dividing the Net Loans to Total Assets which seems to be decreasing every year from 2007-2010. If this position continues the bank shoule be forced to borrow emergency funds at excessive cost to cover its immediate cash needs which inturn reduces its earnings. A significant decline in the bank liquidity position oftern forces to pay higher interest rates to attract negotiable Money market CDs. Banks should reduce the heavier use to purchased funds where the chances of making the bank in liquidity crunch in the event of heavy deposits happen. Year Net loans Total Assets Liquid Ratio-2 2005 152638 796454 0.19 2006 186660 958065 0.21 2007 423266 1231305 0.34 2008 576151 1635777 0.35 2009 627673 1956526 0.32 2010(Two-Qtr) 348910 1090726 0.32 Solvency Ratio:: Debt-equity Ratio-I: Bank must be directly consier the risk to the long-run survival where the ratio below shows that there is a danger for a bank may fail due to negative profitability and erosion of its capital in long-run where the Debt-equity ratio is increasing every year. This can be calculated using Total Liability to Total Owner equity. Wher Total Liability is increasing every year where the large portion of its security portfolio declines in market value, generating seriour capital loss when sold, then its capital account which is designed to absorb such losses. Year Total Liability total Owners equity Debt-Equity Ratio-I 2005 796454 71874 11.08 2006 958065 88359 10.84 2007 1117033 113116 9.88 2008 1498565 135045 11.1 2009 1800303 153215 11.75 2010(Two-Qtr) 1001221 87382 11.46 Debt -Equity Ratio-II: The Debt-equity ratio is calculated using the Long-term debt to total Liability equity. This seems to be increasing year on year which is bad indication to the bank. When Long-term debts increasing the interest in turn increases where the income of the bank decreases. Depends on the decrease of ratio if investor believes that a bank has an increased chance of failing in future then the market value of the stock begins to fall and it must pose higher interest rates to attract funds needed. Risk assets consist mainly of loans securities Year Long term debt Total Liability equity Debt-Equity Ratio-II 2005 229570 796454 0.28 2006 307569 958065 0.32 2007 327130 1230149 0.27 2008 434114 1633610 0.24 2009 525479 1953518 0.27 2010(Two-Qtr) 327511 1088603 0.30excluding cash, plant and equipment and other bank assets. Exposure to Banks Financial Institution Ratio: The Bank bradesco has a good exposure to other banks and financial institutions where the value of the Investment to total assets is increasing from 2007 to 2010. This means to bank is good indicative of the additional resources it can raise in event of a future requirement of reserve balances. The increasing in the ratio also shows us to some extent a banks fortunes are dependent upon the solvency of other banks and financial institution. Since bradesco has some higher percentage of the exposures to other banks and Financial institution its returns risk is also dependent on the performance of other banks also. This seems to be good for time being for Bank but for long run bank has to have carefull watch on other bank and institutions before investing on heavy assets. Year Investments Total Assets Ex-Bnk-Fn-ratio 2005 375387 796454 0.47 2006 411540 958065 0.42 2007 647920 1231305 0.52 2008 837064 1635777 0.51 2009 1036984 1956526 0.53 2010(Two-Qtr) 597898 1090726 0.55 Operating Efficiency Ratio: As a Bank it takes various efforts to maximize profitability and to increase the value of stockholders investment. To achieve this every bank need to recognize the need for greater efficiency in their operations. Higher operating efficiency is achieved by reducing operating expenses and increasing the productivity of their employees through use of automated equipment and improved employment training. Bradesco as a bank followed to pay high interest rates for their funds and encouraged management to reduce non interest costs for employee salaries and benefits and overhead costs. Bradesco is performing well in the Operating efficiency where it seems to be increasing every year. Year Tot-operating expense Operating Income Operating-eff-ratio 2005 18926 33701 0.56 2006 22239 38221 0.58 2007 21960 31544 0.7 2008 26153 36278 0.72 2009 33427 43493 0.77 2010(Two-Qtr) 16713 23530 0.71 Profitability Ratios Return on Equity: As a Bank bradesco has to give some good returns to its shareholders at the end of the year by increasing its stock value resulting in increasing the net income for every year. With respect to net worth of share holders equity. The value of ROE decides the rate of return flowing to the banks shareholders. The results of the bradesco approximate the net benefit that the shareholders received from investing their capital in the bank. The Return on equity is calculated using the Net income after tax to Total Equity capital is shown in table. This seems to be increasing for every year with little variation in 2009. So we assume the bank post same kind of increasing curve in the year 2010. Year Net income Net worth ROE 2005 5513 19409 28.4 2006 6363 24636 25.8 2007 7210 30357 23.8 2008 7625 34257 22.3 2009 8012 41754 19.2 Return on Assets: The return on assets is the primary indicator for the Managerial efficiency of the bank. It indicates how capable the management of the bank has been converting the institutions assets into net earnings. Return on Assets is calculated by dividing the Profit after tax or Net income to the Total assets. The ratio seems to be unstable for the bank where management has to look out for changes in the operations to increase and get it stable. when we look at the table values it seems to be increasing ROA for the year 2010 when compared to last two years till second quarter results. So we hope the bank has already taken some measure to increase the ROA for coming years. Year Profit after tax Total Asset Return on Assets 2005 5513 208683 2.6 ÂÂ  2006 6363 265547 2.4 2007 7210 341144 2.1 2008 7625 454413 1.7 2009 8012 506223 1.6 Interest Income Ratio: This Ratio is the driver of net interest margin. This ratio is calculated by dividing the Interest income to total assets. When we look at the table values below it clearly indicates that Bradesco Interest income ratio is decreasing for every year indicates that the bank faces greatest competition and lesser avenues for growing assets more profitably. The lesser the interest income shows that the bank investments in other banks and financial institutions gives the lower returns and the bank has to plan for long run to gain more interest income investments. Year Interest income Total Assets % Interst-Inc ratio 2007 19225 1231305 1.56 2008 22938 1635777 1.4 2009 27228 1956526 1.39 2010(Two-Qtr) 15069 1090726 1.38 Non-Interest Income Ratio: This ratio is complementary of Off-balance sheet exposure ratio and gives us the proportion of income coming from off-balance sheet items to Interest bearing assets. The trend seems to be decreasing after year 2007 where it is calculated by dividing the Non-interest income to Net-interest income. Based on the two quarter values of year 2010 the value of Non-interest income will be increasing for 2010. Year Non-int income Net-Int income Non-Int Income Ratio 2007 11566 20375 0.57 2008 11271 23143 0.49 2009 14142 29754 0.48 2010(Two-Qtr) 7044 15736 0.45 Non-Interest Income Margin: Year Non-Int Income Contingent Liability Non-Int Inc Margin 2007 11566 33889 0.34 2008 11271 40167 0.28 2009 14142 45507 0.31 2010(Two-Qtr) 7044 24244 0.29 The Non-interest income margin measure the amount of noninterest revenues stemming from the deposit service charges and other service fees the bank has been able to collect which is called the fee income relative to the amount of non interest costs incurred includes Salaries, wages, repairs, Maintenance costs, and loan-loss expense. For Bradesco the non interest income is negative and this situation arises for most of the banks. Even though the bank has raised its fee income the non-interest costs generally outstrip fee income. This ratio is calculated by dividing the Non-Interest income to Contingent liability which seems to be decreasing. Non-Performing Assets Provision Ratio: This ratio tells us the extent of provisions made for loan losses against the income earned on interest earning assets. A higher or increasing value of this ratio suggests that provisions are typically eating into the profits earned on interest bearing assets. When we look at the values below the values for NPA is increasing every year from 2007-2009. We can see that at the end of second quarter of 2010 shows NPA as 2.01 where whole year of 2009 contributed to value of 1.9. So based on this there is chance of further increasing in value can be seen at the end of year 2010. This trend of increasing in NPA is not good indication for Bradesco and its earnings. Year Provision NPA Net-Int. Income NPA Provision Ratio 2007 29062 20375 1.43 2008 36155 23143 1.56 2009 56561 29754 1.9 2010(Two-Qtr) 31618 15736 2.01 Operating Expense Ratio: The operating expense ratio of the Bradesco is being increasing form 2007-2009. As per the value below for two quarter of 2010 it is assumed that I will cross the mark of 2009. The ratio gives us the proportion of Operating expense to Net-interest and Non-interest income. So far these many years the operating expense ratio is getting increase for many banks and also for Bradesco. This can be reduced when more banking services available through home, office or shopping center, computer terminals, there is less need for elaborate to expand physical facilities in turn will lower the operating expense. Year Operating Expense Net-Int+Non-Int income % Operating-Expense Ratio 2007 21960 31941 68.75 2008 26153 34414 75.99 2009 33427 43896 76.15 2010(Two-Qtr) 16713 22780 73.36 Capital Adequacy Ratios Capital Asset Ratio: The Value of Capital Asset Ratio is calculated with Ratio of Owners equity to Total assets. This ratio tells us extent of shareholders funds maintained against the total assets owned by the bank. It also gives us an indication of the maximum extent of losses in the value of assets that the bank can withstand. Banks experiencing declining earnings usually find their CAR is weakened because less earnings are available to retain in the business. Since there is decrease in CAR banks are refused to give dividends to shareholders. CAR value drastically comes down in year 2009 were based on two quarter values of 2010 we assume bradesco can able to achieve a increased value for CAR for the year 2010 compared to last two years. Years Net worth Total Asset % of Capital Asset Ratio 2005 35476 208683 17.3 2006 47798 265547 18.8 2007 51171 341144 15.6 2008 72706 454413 16.9 2009 86057 506223 17.8 Basel Risk Weighted Ratio: This ratio tells us the extent of Capital (as per the regulatory definitions) maintained against the Total risk weighted assets. The bank has relatively high ratio of Equity Capital to Risk weighted assets. Equity capital gives the bank protection against declining income and grants management time to correct the banks earnings problem. These problems addressed quickly before continuing earnings losses erode the banks remaining capital and threaten its survival. Based on the two quarter value of 2010 the Bank can get the increased value of Basel risk weighted Ratio when compared to previous years. Year Tier-I-II-III Capital Tot Risk Wt. Asset % of Basel-Risk weighted 2007 154676 918671 16.83 2008 181006 1150797 15.72 2009 207738 1186522 17.5 2010(Two-Qtr) 108295 665205 16.27 Tier-I Capital Ratio: This gives us the proportion of equity held against the amount of risk weighted assets. Risk weighted assets are a measure of the amount of risk involved with each asset. The values of the Risk are getting increased year by year showing the bank is getting into more risk. When we look into two quarter values of 2010 the bank is getting more riskier after the values evolved out at the end of the year. This shows the management the bank is entering at high risk in year 2010 to take measure on this to decrease the Risk weighted assets. Year Tier-I Capital Tot Risk Wt. Asset % of Tier-I capital 2007 113115 918671 12.31 2008 153045 1150797 11.73 2009 153214 1186522 12.91 2010(Two-Qtr) 87382 665205 13.13 Net Capital Asset Ratio: Net Non-performing asset is an expected loss that is not provided for, the true amount of capital available to withstand losses in total asset value is lower than the net worth. This ratio captures the true amount of such capital available. The ratio is Net worth minus Net NPA to total asset. The values of the NCA is decreasing every year which tends to show that the Capital amount where the bank can able to withstand the losses is decreasing every year. Year Net worth-NetNPA Total Asset % of NCA 2005 54120 796454 6.71 2006 64815 958065 6.78 2007 84053 1231305 6.82 2008 98890 1635777 6.05 2009 96653 1956526 4.94 2010(Two-Qtr) 55764 1090726 5.11 Net Non-Performing Coverage Ratio: The Net NPA coverage ratio is calculated by dividing the Provision for NPA to Net worth. Percentage reduction in net worth if provisions made against entire amount of Net NPAs. The below table shows the increasing values of the Net NPA coverage ratio values which is one of the negative way of operation of a Bank. The increasing in this value will troubles the bank earnings. Year Provision NPA Net worth % of Net NPA coverage Ratio 2005 17753 71874 24.7 2006 23543 88359 26.66 2007 29062 113115 25.69 2008 36155 135045 26.77 2009 56561 153214 36.91 2010(Two-Qtr) 31618 87382 36.18 Equity Risk Weighted Ratio: This gives us the proportion of equity held against the amount of risk weighted assets. Risk weighted assets are a measure of the amount of risk involved with each asset. The values of the Risk are getting increased year by year showing the bank is getting into more risk. When we look into two quarter values of 2010 the bank is getting more risky after the values evolved out at the end of the year. This shows the management the bank is entering at high risk in year 2010 to take measure on this to decrease the Risk weighted assets. Year Tier-I Capital Tot Risk Wt. Asset % of Tier-I capital 2007 113115 918671 12.31 2008 153045 1150797 11.73 2009 153214 1186522 12.91 2010(Two-Qtr) 87382 665205 13.13 Short Term Leverage Ratio: Short term borrowed funds are typically a very volatile source of funds for banks.A higher value of this ratio is indicativeof aggressive behaviour on the part of banks. This ratio has to be carefully tracked as high and increasing values of this ratio have typically been associated with subsequent financial problems for banks. The values in the table shows that it is unstable and not aggressively moving up or down. From this we can assume that bradesco bank is not more concern about the short-term borrow funds when compared to other factors. Year short-term Borrowed Total Asset % Short-term leverage 2005 25428 796454 3.1 2006 21744 958065 2.2 2007 28865 1231305 2.34 2008 44441 1635777 2.71 2009 39981 1956526 2.04 2010(Two-Qtr) 17985 1090726 2 Gross NPA Ratio: Gross NPA is the total assets that are not generating any income for the bank. This ratio is not of much value because this is not only the non-income generating assets for the bank. When we look at the calculated values it has been increasing year on year where the percentage of Gross NPA is increasing causing the more number of assets of the bank as non-income generating assets. Gross NPA is calculated on the Gross NPA divided by total Assets. Year GrossNPA Total Asset % of Gross NPA 2005 17754 796454 2.23 2006 23543 958065 2.45 2007 33380 1231305 2.71 2008 41602 1635777 2.54 2009 63449 1956526 3.24 2010(Two-Qtr) 36627 1090726 3.35 Net NPA Ratio: Net NPA is calculated by dividing the Net NPA value by Total Assets. The proportion of Total assets that are to be written off. As with gross NPA ratio this ratio is not much value but is very widely used in financial press. As like Gross NPA the value of Net NPA is also increasing every year for the bank. Year Net NPA Total Asset % of Net NPA 2007 29062 1231305 2.36 2008 36155 1635777 2.21 2009 56561 1956526 2.89 2010(Two-Qtr) 31618 1090726 2.89 Equity Multiplier: The equity Multiplier is calculated using Total assets divided by Total equity Capital. The equity multiplier leverage or financing policies. The sources chosen to fund the bank is equity or debt. Out of the few other ratios the Equity Multiplier is largest, averaging about 12* or larger for most banks. The value of the Equity multiplier is increasing every year the projected value of the two quarters of 2010 seems to be getting more than 13* at the end of the year 2010. The equity Multiplier is the direct measure of the banks degree of financial leverage show how many dollars must be supported y each dollar of equity capital and how much of bank resource would rest on debts. Due to the large value of equity multiplier, the bradesco bank is more exposed to failure risk. In the same way the larger the value will give the greater banks potential for higher returns for its stockholders. Year Total Assets Equity Capital Equity Multiplier 2005 796454 71874 11.08 2006 958065 88359 10.84 2007 1231305 113115 10.89 2008 1635777 135045 12.11 2009 1956526 153214 12.77 2010(Two-Qtr) 1090726 87382 12.48 Net Profit Margin: Net profit margin is calculated by dividing the Net profit after tax to total operating income. The value of this ratio tells us the effectiveness of expense management (cost control) and service pricing policies. This value tells that banks can increase their earnings and their returns to their stockholders by successfully controlling expenses and maximizing revenues. Similarly allocating banks assets to the highest-yielding loans and investment while avoiding excessive risk, Management can rise the average yields on its assets. The values of the ratio is decreasing in the year 2009 tells that the bank have incurred higher expense and lower revenue wherere in the year 2010 the value of ratio seems to be greater than all the three years tells that higher revenues and lower expense. Year Net income Tot-ope-income Net Profit Margin 2005 5513 33701 0.16 2006 5054 38221 0.13 2007 7210 31544 0.23 2008 7625 36278 0.21 2009 7586 43493 0.17 2010(Two-Qtr) 4602 23530 0.2 Earning Per Share of Stock: Year Net income Equity outstanding % of EPS 2005 5513 108356 5.06 2006 5054 126941 3.98 2007 7210 154421 4.66 2008 7625 180659 4.22 2009 7586 207635 3.65 2010(Two-Qtr) 4602 108244 4.25 The earning per share is calculated by net income after tax to Common equity shares outstanding. The values seems to be drastic decrease in the year 2009 but when compared to previous two years of 2008 and 2009. The EPS value in the year 2010 seems to be higher for investors. If there is more decline in the value of EPS have a bigger impact for the entire bank performance which reduces the deposits, Loan demands, good will etc. Bradesco maintains the positive way of Earning per share of stock to its investors which channels the growth prospects by its stockholders. Credit Risk -3: The Credit Risk is calculated by dividing the Annual provision to Total Loans lease. These ratio values seem to be worrisome for bank because banks hold little owners capital relative to the aggregate value of their assets. So only a relative small percentage of total loans need to turn bad to push any bank to the brink of failure. The below values in the table shows that the banks exposure to credit risk grows and the bank cannot able to withstand the more losses coming on it way in long-run. The bank has to look out these values and take necessary immediate measures for the coming years for loan losses. Year Annual provision loan losses Total Loan leases % of Credit Risk-3 2005 17372 270392 6.42 2006 22992 310204 7.31 2007 24609 478366 5.14 2008 31005 644708 4.80 2009 45886 731383 6.27 2010(Two-Qtr) 25605 406695 6.29 Credit Risk -4: The credit risk ratio is calculated using the value of Allowance for Loan losses and the total Loans and Leases. This is also one of the way banks performance can be measured to undertake some necessary actions on its credit risk. When we look at the both Ratios of Credit Risk-3 and Credit risk-4 which reveals the extent to which a bank is preparing for loan losses by building up its loan-loss reserves which is the allowance of loan losses through annual charges against current income which is the provision for loan losses. When we look the values every year the percentage of Risk values is increasing and even in year 2010 it is assumed to be increasing one compared to other four years based on values of two quarters indicated. So, Bradesco Management has to minimize giving up more loans until the losses on loan are recovered and bank has to look for Liquidity risk also. When the credit risk increases which in turn posses the Liquidity risk to the bank by creating a cash crunch for d eposit withdrawals. Year Allowance for Loan losses Total Loan leases % of Credit Risk-4 2005 15115 270392 5.54 2006 22815 310204 7.32 2007 30491 478366 6.37 2008 37552 644708 5.82 2009 57824 731383 7.90 2010(Two-Qtr) 32180 406695 7.91 Asset Utilization Ratio: The asset utilization tells that what is the ability of the bank to convert its assets into the revenues. When the value of this Ratio is increasing then the bank has hold good ability to convert its assets into generated revenues for its shareholders. This can achieve by dividing the Total Operating revenues of the bank to Total assets. This value also tells us about the management efficiency of the operation of the bank. Management decisions of mix of funds raised and invested, depending on the value of Asset utilization we can judge about the banks portfolio whether the bank has big or small portfolios. The pricing of services can also be knows from this value and based on the asset utilization the bank can reduce its tax liability to increase the net income of the bank. By carefully allocating the banks assets to the highest yielding loans and investments while avoiding excessive risk, management can raise the banks average yield on its assets. The value seems to be decreasing fo r Bradesco every year so as per the shareholder point of view the ability of management of the bank has reduced converting of the assets into revenues for past 2-3 years. Year Operating income Total Asset % Asset utilisation 2005 33701 796454 4.23 2006 38221 958065 3.98 2007 31544 1231305 2.56 2008 36278 1635777 2.21 2009 43493 1956526 2.22 2010(Two-Qtr) 23530 1090726 2.15 Net Bank Operating Margin: The Income expense is calculated by subtracting the Total Operating expense from the total Operating income. The calculated Income-expense ratio is used to calculate the Net bank operating Margin by dividing the income expense to total assets. The Net bank operating margin in increasing every year which seems to be decrease in the income yielding of the bank. The more the expense incurred by the bank the more the income will be reducing and therefore increasing in the operating margin by increasing the operating expense. So the banks has to take up some strategies to lower down this expense the bank has made. The Bank management has to introduced some different ways to lower the income expense values which brings the positive look for the shareholders of the bank. Year Income-expense Total Assets % of Net Bank operating Margin 2005 14774 796454 1.85 2006 15982 958065 1.68 2007 9584 1231305 0.77 2008 10125 1635777 0.61 2009 10066 1956526 0.51 2010(Two-Qtr) 6817 1090726 0.62 Conclusion: Here we come to the conclusion part of the financial analysis of the Bank Bradesco where we have seen many ratio calculations and its impacts on the bank using the Table values and graphs. Now we can look on certain key factors where the bank management has to look seriously to improve the performance of the bank in the coming years. The Liability of the bank is increasing every year which is a threat to company portfolio. The Capital adequacy ratio is weaken every year in turn resulting in less earnings whereby bank has to decide not to give dividends to shareholders which results in no profits for the shareholders of the stock. Credit risk is increasing every year due to loan losses and doubtful debts are increasing. Liquidity risk is also increasing every year where the bank has to take measure to provide the provisions for contingencies happening suddenly like high Loan demands, more deposit withdrawal etc. Non-performing assets ratio is increasing by which bank is losing its earnings of its assets every year due to this bank can erode its capital in a long term basis is one of the key point to look by management. Should concentrate on improving the net income after tax by investing more profit before tax money into the Tax exempt investment bonds which should be secured returns. Bank is increasing its private securities investments aggressively when compared to government securities investment so that it has to be cautious while investing it in the private about the market values of the assets which is not guaranteed returns as expected. The bank returns on the stockholder value is good which can be seen using the equity multiplier even though is looks positive prospects but still the concern about the high value of equity multiplier will give a way for the banks failure. Bradesco investment in other banks and financial institution is becoming very high percentage every year so as to yield higher returns on its assets. While doing so the bank has to watch closely the other banks and financial institution performance and its liability to its market value before investing. The returns on the banks investment depends on the interest rates which tends to change over time is unpredictable. So bank should reduce the investment of Long-term investments and invest more in short term so as to increase the liquidity ratio whenever required. When we look at the last 6 years information the bank is very well performed in the year 2005-2007 but the bank is dropping down its income and increasing its expense, non performing assets are the real negative indications for the bank to take a look at its operations. The profit margin of the company is also seems to be decreasing because the operating expense increasing with respect to income so that net income is decreasing. The bank should think other some other new services to introduce in the bank to increase the non-interest income for the coming years. Bank has to look out for various investment plans for the Profit before tax income to give the increased income for the shareholders with the profits instead of paying it as Tax. Primary source of information: The links of the Banks where the financial statements for the 4-6 years are given in the site itself is given below https://www.bradescori.com.br/site/conteudo/home/default.aspx?idiomaId=2 The above link contains the Financial statements, Earnings release, Historical information for 4 years information in spreadsheet which is used to calculated the ratios in the Report. The spreadsheet is attached below which is the reference and historical financial information for Bradesco. Based on the information the Ratio calculations are made. The Link give below is for the source of information for every quarter and yearly from 2005-2007 is calculated using the spreadsheet given in the company site given below https://www.bradescori.com.br/site/conteudo/informacoes-financeiras/demonstracoes-financeiras.aspx?secaoId=721 The source of information is the financial statements from 2007-2010 each quarters of the company which is in the below link is available.

Introduction. As Management Is Concerned About Gaining

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Asset Management Hospitality and Sustainability

Question: Discuss about theAsset Management for Hospitality and Sustainability. Answer: Introduction The number of passengers at the Airport is increasing day by day and therefore the importance of lounge facility is also increasing. In order to efficiently manage the increasing number of passengers there is need for strengthening the lounge infrastructure. It will also help in attracting more customer base. The rising competition in the airlines industry adds to the increasing importance of the airport lounge facilities by the airline companies. Emirates airline strictly needs to renovate their Sydney lounge in order to align with the valuable and high mileage passengers. Presently, services and infrastructure at Sydney lounge of emirates are clumsy and needs renovation for better customer base and satisfaction of the customer. Whether any passenger is of business class or frequent flier, every passenger requires lounge facilities at its best. As the hospitality sector is rising at high pace, there is a need for airline companies to develop competency through good lounge services. Lounge facility of Emirates at Sydney also needs to look into developing a well-designed space for the passengers. There is a requirement of conveying a rare sense of comfort during the hectic alienating experiences of flights. Currently, the lounge facility of Emirates airline at Sydney is of average standard and is lacking new developments and therefore, it is expected that the lounge facility will run in loss if it will not renovate itself as pe r the new trends. Thus, Emirates lounge in Sydney requires complete renovation for strengthening capacity, comfort and efficiency. The Emirates lounge needs to be divided in seven themes and each of it should offer passengers a specific experience. Currently, the lounge is not preferred by the customers as they find it not worth in terms of quality and comfort(Sydney Airport, 2016). Renovation of Emirates Lounge Hospitality and Sustainability Emirates lounge is missing the opportunity for expressing the some different and unique characteristics (Sydney Airport, 2016). On the other side, it is not at all a fun anymore to be at Emirates lounge in Sydney and it has become a big challenge to attract the passengers towards the monotonous ambiance while chilling on those weird couches (Sydney Airport, 2016). Though the lounge is running in a smooth manner but still, it is not unique, rather it looks all the more same like others (Airport-business, 2016). The new changes after renovation will help the passengers in disorienting travel stress and will make them feel valued (Airport-business, 2016). The services of airport lounge are playing an effective role in keeping the customer base and therefore it is a worth an investment to be made by airline companies in their infrastructure and now, its time for Emirates lounge in Sydney to be engaged in the battle to outdo competitors with the premium products (Sydney Airport, 2016). Th e seven themes that could be chosen for enhancing the passengers experience can be luxury theme, family theme, cultural theme, lifestyle theme, mode Dutch theme and care theme. Every theme need to be characterized by the usage of specific material and design and should comprise of appropriate services, which should include; seating areas, food outlets and shops. Renovation process should be undertaken only after the approval of the Sydney airport authorities. In addition, it is required on part of Emirates Airlines to present construction documentation and certificates in front of airport authorities. The focus of renovation should be on the use of the sustainable materials for effective and sustainable growth of lounge facility (Hkkinen et al., 2012). For the purpose of renovation of airport lounge, Airline Company can use certified wood, LED lighting and motion sensors (Hkkinen et al., 2012). These products should be of certified sustainable materials which are not harmful to society and helps in sustainable growth (Hkkinen et al., 2012). Material for renovation should be user friendly and sustainable for adhering with the environmental concerns (Hkkinen et al., 2012) . Capacity at Emirates Sydney lounge needs to be enhanced by 30% for effective capacity and space management (Hkkinen et al., 2012). For the purpose of flagship retail in travel during the renovation of the Emirates lounge, existence of Johnny Walker retail store will add a lot (Hkkinen et al., 2012). For more attractiveness and increasing the lounge customer base at Emirates lounge in Sydney, MM retail shop, which is a shop having a unique range of toys can be established (Hkkinen et al., 2012), along with Bulgari store and Gucci store. These stores enhance the brand value of lounge, as these are trusted quality brand stores (Hkkinen et al., 2012). Emirates Lounge Should Remain Open During the Refurbishment Process: Process of refurbishment should be carried out in varied phases so that the Lounge is able to continue to give its services. (Hkkinen et al., 2012).Moreover, night hours should be chosen for renovation work and during that time, shops in the lounge arena should be half open (Hkkinen et al., 2012). Passengers should be allowed to use the services of the shops and stores in lounge arena and should be asked for temporary diversions (Hkkinen et al., 2012). For the convenience of the customers, lounge people should use signage for directions (Botta, 2005). The renovation process of the Emirates lounge needs to be made a part of the master plan of the lounge capacity management, with the purpose of improving the comfort level of the passengers (Botta, 2005) Another unique feature that should be added to the renovation process is the idea of showing the kitchen concept to the customers. This process will enhance the interaction of the customers with the chefs (MDPI, 2012). This focus will enhance the ungraded offerings of the airline company (MDPI, 2012). Through this service enhancement in the renovation process, guests at lounge will be able to indulge in the bistro services and will also be able to gain quick snacks (Jensen et al., 2013). Renovation enhancements should focus on having upgraded system of Wi-Fi services for enabling fast speed in lounge area. For the convenience of the guest, there should also be universal sockets deployed in the lounge (Jensen et al., 2013). The lounge mangers should be responsible for offering holistic experiences to the guest for enhancing customer base (Northwestern University, 2016). All these changes are mandatory for Emirates lounge at Sydney, as the condition of the lounge are lousy at present ( Schiphol Group, 2014). Customers is one of the major stakeholders, so it is duty of the Emirates airlines to inform customers regarding the renovation taking place to minimize inconvenience to them. Stakeholders are vital assets of any organization as they can have significant influence on companys operation. Major stakeholders of Emirates that needs to be consulted in renovation process are owners and investors. Through renovation, owners wish to achieve the long term value improvement. Thus, proper planning is required on part of the owners to derive benefit through renovation of lounge. The lounge manger also plays an important role as he or she is the person who has the control and can ensure that renovation process goes smoothly. He/she can assure that there are not causalities at site owing to renovation work. Financial Stability and Bonding Capacity: The airport should aim to establish sufficient labels of profitability and financial stability for absorbing the impact of the economic fluctuations and events of risk by achieving operating profit of 10% or more. In the challenging times, it is important to know that the financial strength of the Emirates airline is secure. In the past years, Emirates airline has successfully built strong principle of finance and integrity (Lounges Gates, 2015). Emirates airline will be required to spend 50 million dollars for renovating the lounge. Investment can be funded from the development funds and by increasing the membership rates. Emirates airline run a major piece of aviation infrastructure as a part of its international, interconnected transport network, which sustains global mobility and unites the people across the national boundaries(Lounges Gates, 2015). Emirates are responsible towards corporate stakeholders who seek for open, fair and balanced dialogues with the stakeholders and i nterest groups. In addition to it, long term protection of the environment is also paramount (Lounges Gates, 2015). The goal of the renovation is to create value for the customers, employees and host regions. Emirates needs to pay attention to the needs and wishes of the passengers and in the coming time for developing a sustainable lounge facility (Lounges Gates, 2015). The material for renovation of the Emirates lounge needs to be sustainable and environment friendly to maintain the sustainability level (Lounges Gates, 2015). Apart from the concept of curtailing cost with the method of layoff and retiring plans, Emirates airline should think of refreshing the product so that they can become more competitive in the market. For having a sustainable development project, Emirates needs to focus on the current trends and developments in the aviation market(Peterson, 2015). Facilities at airport lounges can be considered as the serenity, which is away from the crowded and noisy areas of the airport (Ricondo Associates, 2010) . Some airport lounges offer free snacks and workstation services for attracting more customers and members on their lounge (Ricondo Associates, 2010). Such lounges are membership clubs, which have the main aim of having domain of the elite status fliers. These are mainly premium ticket holders or the ones having branded credit cards (Ricondo Associates, 2010). The new regular membership for an individual can cost around 500 dollars (Ricondo Associates, 2010). Following the commitment for sustainable development, Emirates is expected to develop an action place for implementing the initiatives. Here are some challenges(Aroports de Montral, 2015): Social Environmental Economic Developing talent and skills Enhancing the energy efficiency and reducing the green house effects Enhancing the land access to airport lounge Enhancing the quality of life at lounge Reduction or resource consumption and managing the waste Contribution towards economic development In line with the sustainability constraint, green building strategies are required to be incorporated throughout the entire renovation for saving energy, reducing the waste and providing a healthier and less stressful travel experience. An innovative displacement ventilation system will deliver the superior quality of air throughout the terminal while using 20% less energy than the conventional system. Water efficient fixture should support the reclaimed water plant in reducing the water usage by 40%. New Trends New trends in Hospitality Management: The revitalization of the airport lounge is considered as the sign that the business class travel is going to boom in the coming time with varied series of top-notch lounges. Having an extra ordinary lounge services have become the popular trend for small and large carriers(Ricondo Associates, 2010). Facility of lounge is considered as an important facility for the passengers and for the high value customers, who are very important for any airline company to attract and retain, as it enhances the competency level(Hkkinen et al., 2012). As the facility of having an effective and quality lounge is getting popular, there are certain trends that should be noted before any commencing the renovation of a lounge. Some of the latest trends have been discussed below (Hkkinen et al., 2012): Limited Access: Because of the certain level in the alliances at global level, access to lounge facility is offered to the passengers of international flights only (Hkkinen et al., 2012). However, for capturing the experiences, many of airline companies, categorizes such customers differently for better services (Hkkinen et al., 2012). For example, Qatar airways is known for limiting the business lounge for people who are actually flying in the cabins and not for the travelers having the status of one world (Churchill, 2016). Qatar airlines have also been in news for offering different experience to the premium passengers and ensuring the effective space for such passengers (Churchill, 2016). Feeling of Residence: The quality lounge facilities of Cathay Pacific are considered for offering warm and residential feeling to the executive customers. In addition to it, they pay more attention to soft couches, carpets and lighting effects in lounge. They are known to offer residential feeling to the passengers for being competitive in the market (Nagy, 2016) More emphasis on Food and Beverage: Lounge facilities of Cathay have successfully hit the mark of the quality food and drinks. Lounge offers full sit down meals to its customers and the main attraction is the noodle bar of Cathay. Noodle bar is the extension of the Hong Kong heritage food (Nagy, 2016). Virgin Atlantic is known for its best business class lounge facility in the whole world. This lounge focuses on additional services in lounge like, spa, hair salon and restaurant. These services clearly mark its remarkable presence in lounge facility and it has been considered as a top class brand in lounge facilities (Nagy, 2016). Lounge facilities in New York have opened the new clubhouse in the terminal two of the airport (Ricondo Associates, 2010). Enhanced demands of the business travelers and rapid advancement in the technology sector will surely give rise to the new breed of personalized, ultra high technology airport lounges in the coming years. The coming time will feature highly interactive and personalized environment wherein the business travelers can seamlessly integrate the business and the personal lives in the journey, from lounge arrival to the boarding on the plane. References Aroports de Montral, 2015. Sustainable development. [Online] Available at: https://www.admtl.com/en/adm/communities/sustainable-development. Airport-business, 2016. Amsterdam Schiphol transforming Lounge 2 with innovative retail and FB offer. [Online] Available at: https://www.airport-business.com/2016/03/amsterdam-schiphol-transforming-lounge-2-commercial-offer/. Botta, M., 2005. Towards Sustainable Renovation: Three research projects. DiVa-Portal. Churchill, D., 2016. Analysis: airport lounges. [Online] Available at: https://buyingbusinesstravel.com/feature/0525961-analysis-airport-lounges. Hkkinen, T. et al., 2012. Methods and concepts for sustainable renovation of buildings. VTT Technical Research Centre Ltd. Jensen, P.A. et al., 2013. Sustainability Evaluation of Retrofitting and Renovation of Buildings in Early Stages. In Proceedings of 7th Nordic Conference on Construction Economics and Organisation., 2013. Akademika forlag. Lounges Gates, 2015. US airlines multi-million dollar investments highlight value of premium passenger loyalty. [Online] Available at: https://www.futuretravelexperience.com/2015/05/us-airlines-go-head-to-head-in-ground-based-battle-for-loyalty/. MDPI, 2012. Sustainability. MDPI. Nagy, C., 2016. 3 Ways of Rethinking the Premium Airport Lounge. [Online] Available at: https://skift.com/2016/05/04/3-ways-of-rethinking-the-premium-airport-lounge/. Northwestern University, 2016. Sustainable Building and Renovation Policy. [Online] Available at: https://www.northwestern.edu/fm/about/policies/docs/NU%20Sustainable%20Building%20and%20Renovation%20Policy.pdf [Accessed 17 August 2016]. Peterson, B., 2015. NYC Airport Lounges Are Finally Improving. [Online] Available at: https://www.cntraveler.com/stories/2015-12-29/nyc-airport-lounges-are-finally-improving. Ricondo Associates, 2010. Sustainable Airport Construction Practices. Federal Aviaion Department. Schiphol Group, 2014. Schiphol launches renovation of Departure Lounge 2: Airport investing in quality and passenger comfort. [Online] Available at: https://www.schiphol.nl/SchipholGroup1/NieuwsPers/Persbericht/SchipholLaunchesRenovationOfDepartureLounge2AirportInvestingInQualityAndPassengerComfort.htm. Sydney Airport, 2016. Emirates Lounge | T1 International | Sydney Airport. [Online] Available at: https://www.sydneyairport.com.au/find/service-categories/service-listing/service-detail.aspx?cat=%7B0892E3E2-EB73-47B0-AFD5-8C36F5F0A3EA%7Dser=%7B9F3792B7-C0F4-43BF-B106-4E01CBAF77E7%7D.

Jazz History free essay sample

Poetry can be defined as poetry that demonstrates jazz-like rhythm or the feeling of improvisation. During the sasss many poets began to experiment with the conventional forms of writing with rhythm which led to the invention of Jazz Poetry. Poetry and Jazz seemed to both evolve into each other which led to the merge that became known as Jazz Poetry. Jazz poetry has been an unorthodox style of writing since It was Invented In the sasss, The reason It has been considered out of the mainstream is that it was invented by African American artists n the sasss when segregation had not ended long ago. There were still Jim Crower laws In effect when this evolution was occurring. There was also a Renaissance occurring with this evolution called the Harlem Renaissance. This time In American History could be described as HOT NIGHTS and cool jazz. Steamy sidewalks and fancy dressers. We will write a custom essay sample on Jazz History or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page .. Songs of the soul and songs of the body The lilt of gentle laughter and the penetrating wail of the blues.. . Harlem was the home of many African American poets and musicians which was the perfect breeding grounds for creating jazz poetry.Harlem is a community in New York that lies in the northern half of the boroughs of Manhattan. Earliest poets were coined as Jazz poets there were not True Jazz Poets. The poets who only referred to jazz in their poems were called Jazz-Related Poets. Jazz poets would have to create a rhythm and imitates Jazz in its words and delivery. There were many different artists that had huge impacts on jazz poetry including one of the most famous; Louis Armstrong. It was said that Armstrong is the best Jazz musician to ever had lived. Louis Armstrong influenced many Jazz poets such as Mina LOL, andLongs Hughes. Longs Hughes is considered the founder of the Jazz Poetry genre since no artist before him could merge Jazz and poetry together as he did. Hughes was born on February 1, 1902 in Joplin Missouri. He began writing poetry in the eighth grade and was elected the class poet. He was encouraged by his father to pursue a more practical career and attended college for a short amount of time but continued to write poetry. Luckily for the artistic community he decided to drop out of his program of study and pursue a writing career. His first poem published was also one of his cost famous and still is today and was entitled The Negro Speaks of Rivers. Many of his writings appeared in the NAACP magazines and other publications. One of Hughes favorite past-times became listening to blues, and Jazz while writing his poetry. This had a profound influence on his Blues. He moved to Harlem in 1924, during the Harlem Renaissance. During this time he became very popular and his works all flourished. In 1925 he decided to move to Washington D. C. ND there he spent even more time in Jazz and blues clubs. He was quoted as saying l tried to write the poems like the songs hey sang on seventh street. These songs had the pulse beat of the people who keep on going He died on May 22, 1967 of cancer. His home in Harlem was given landmark status by the New York Preservation Committee. Here is one of his Jazz poems: Negro Dancers Longs Hughes Me an ma babys Got two MO ways, Two MO ways to do De Charleston Dad, dad, Dad, dad, dad Soft light on the tables, Music gay, Brown-skin steppers In a cabaret.White folks, laugh White folks, pray Two MO ways to do De Charleston 1926 Jazz Poetry embodied what society was like in the time that it was written. Jazz Poetry also prospered from the closing of the sea port in New Orleans, musicians were forced up the Mississippi to find work. Chicago and New York were most affected by this because they popular because of prohibition which resulted in more Jobs being created for Jazz musicians and other forms of entertainment which led to more involvement in the entertainment business.Jazz poetry still remains today but has gone under many changes. It evolved even more in the sasss when it passed through the beat generation. The beat generation was composed of mainly whites that turned jazz poetry from racial pride and individuality into spontaneity and freedom. Jazz poetry became seen as statements against society and the regular flow of life by outsiders. The Beat Generation started out as a very small group of people. It consisted of four men who met in upper-Manhattan in the mid asss.They had a couple more followers Join before moving to San Francisco and had five more men Join their group. They all struggled very hard to get anything of theirs published. It was an awe inspiring experience to see how these men would keep each other from giving up. They finally caught a break when they had a famous poetry reading at the six gallery in San Francisco. After this first group of beat writers had been popularized another wave would sweep in. Here is a poem by a beat generations. Rapid by Gary Snyder Lay down these words Before your mind like rocks. Laced solid, by hands In choice of place, set Before the body of the mind Solidity of bark, leaf or wall rapid of things: Cobble of milky way, straying planets, These poems, people, lost ponies with Dragging saddles and rocky sure-foot trails. The worlds like an endless four-dimensional Game of Go. Ants and pebbles In the thin loam, each rock a word a creek-washed stone Granite: ingrained with torment of fire and weight Crystal and sediment linked hot all change, in thoughts, As well as things. This poem would be recited while some kind of musical interment would make a beat in the background. Bongos are a very popular instrument used when reciting poetry. In the sasss and asss Jazz poetry was reinvented as a source of racial pride by Leroy Jones who changed his name to Impair Bark. Bark was born on October 7, 1934 in Newark New Jersey. He Joined the U. S. Air Force but was kicked out in 1954 for suspension that he was a communist. His commanding officer had found soviet writings and declared that he had broken his oath of duty.He started working in a record warehouse which stemmed his interest for jazz. He came into contact with some members of the new beat generation which would later heavily influence his writings of poetry. Bark traces Jazz and the blues back to African Americans. After the death of Malcolm X he Harlem since he considered himself a cultural nationalist. Bark was arrested after he caught illegally carrying a weapon ND resisting arrest during a riot after Martin Luther King Jar. Had been assassinated. He then spent three years in Jail.Bark received many awards and honors in his life and actually became a Professor. The last form of Jazz Poetry is the modern form, Modern Jazz poetry is lyrics incorporated by hip-hop and rap artists by the use of a beat. Rap is paralleled to Jazz poetry in the way that rap is improvised lyrics to a beat. This captures the spontaneous, improvised portion of Jazz poetry. Just like Jazz poetry, raps lyrics are focused on the social situation of the time and cultural issues. It is argued by many people that rap is not a viable comparison of poetry. That its Just an overrated fad of the time. Hip -hop came into being in the early sasss and became a large part of American culture in the asss. Hip-hop or rap consists of a rapper, or poet, and a DC, the person who creates a beat. To have a successful set of lyrics you must have a good beat and be able to master the use of literary devices such as assonance, alliteration, and rhyme. Hip-hop began in the Bronx in the inner-city by mostly African American youth. It is now a commercially popular music genre and is part of the American Mainstream. Jazz History free essay sample Era Everyone has heard or at least has heard of Jazz music. The bands, the singers, and the Instruments make you want to get up and start dancing! Jazz music has been around longer than you would think and Is still a very popular type of music today. But do people know of the back story? How jazz started out, how it matured or even how today, it is used in deferent ways in music that you might not even notice? Not really. Jazz music may be one of the biggest impacts in our world today and we dont even see how.Jazz originally started out as sound like every other type of music does. But what makes them different is how the music is played; in a specific way with specific instruments to make that sound. To mix those parts together you would need influences to Improve the music in its own way. We will write a custom essay sample on Jazz History or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page In Jazz, there were influences of European harmonies and American Instruments (Barber 53) and particularly the music of African- Americans who were determined to keep their own traditions alive (Barber 53) during slavery times around the sass.The music of the slaves began In New Orleans at a place called the Congo Square (Today known as Louis Armstrong Park) where they played spirituals, blues, and ragtime music and chanted and danced in circular patterns to the music. Then they mixed that music with European-based military music (Schuman 31). All this mixed together developed into the earliest form of jazz. Years later, Charles Buddy Bolder was named the father of Jazz for changing the instruments from strings to brass instruments. People ad began to call it lass. Over time it became known as jazz (Schuman 31). The exact history of Jazz is uncertain, but it is generally accepted that the music was born in New Orleans, came north to Chicago by way of traveling musicians, then spread to New York City-?and from there around the world. (Woos 27). Dance bands were also part of the Jazz history. They would sometimes dance to the music the musicians played. A typical band would have a front line which had a clarinet, trombone, and ornate or trumpet, and they were supported by a rhythm section that had a guitar or banjo, piano, bass or tuba, and drums.Jazz is a mixture of different styles; it is not just a single tune. The different styles depend on where they come from and how it was developed there. In Chicago, Jazz is an expression of cultural diversity (Kenney). Jazz players performed deferent styles all over the city in clubs, concerts and festivals. It still goes on today in the 21st century. In New Orleans, it is represented as reminder of where the African Americans come from and their rich, and prideful culture that they valued In slavery times.Instruments werent always Just used for music. During the Steno Rebellion in 1739, drums had been used to a signal an attack on the white population. (Gila). That caused South Carolina to ban the use of drums towards slaves. The Georgia slave codes were also established to prevent drums, horns and other loud Instruments. In order to convert the African Americans to Westernizes music, they used religion based ideas such as the Hymns andIt actually made the slaves do the opposite and want to play more, but enrich the European idioms with African Traditions. And Jazz is Just one of the genres that were produced through this enrichment. Jazz has a rich history that matured over a long period of time. And since no one knows exactly when it started, for all we know, it could have been around for over 300 years. The Jazz music you hear today may Just have a little part of how they played in the sass but its the new additions that everyone knows and that greatly impact our world today.

No More Sour Grapes

No More Sour Grapes Appreciation is a wonderful thing. It makes what is excellent in others belong to us as well. ~ Voltaire You know you think it. An author you know lands a contract or sells an article. She achieves this great promo on a big blog or gets invited to speak at an event that overlooked you. And you feel sorry for yourself . . . and start rationalizing why they were not as worthy as you. Or that you are a better writer. I know you do, because Ive stumbled into that mindset. . . as recently as last week. And I slap myself. I believe in being happy for those enjoying success for the following reasons: 1) You feel better. 2) You can make the other person feel good with a compliment, which makes you feel better. 3) You can study what they did and learn from their success. 4) You can bring attention to yourself 5) That big karma in the sky can come around later and pat you on the back when this successful individual you once supported in their early days becomes able to thank you in return. When you stop and think about it, theres nothing to be gained from begrudging someone else for making a splash. You negate yourself all the above benefits I listed. There is absolutely no good reason whatsoever to look at a winner and not like him. One day and if you keep at it that day will come you will achieve commendation from an editor, a contest, a publisher, an agent, or some group that applauds your efforts. At that time, you would hope that others would bask with you in the glory. You love these people, and surprise, you want to reach out to them and help them in their struggles. Its called reaching back. Writers are connected. Sure, some are higher on the ladder than you. Sure, you wish you were on their rung. But you gain nothing disliking their status. Instead, be thrilled for them. Offer applause and verbalize support. Not only does this make you a better human being, but you also feel a more positive urge to try harder. You hope harder to meet your goals. And the universe eventually rewards you for it.

Impact of Globalization on Development of Nations Literature review

Impact of Globalization on Development of Nations - Literature review Example Globalization is related internationalization of production and business of organizations that require organizational structural changes, resources, management practices, capabilities and competencies to meet the needs & requirements of cross border production, business, transactional strategies, and marketing operations. [Dunning. 1993 taken from Clark and Knowles. 2003] Globalisation is essentially a plurality of global knowledge systems that results in cultures which spill over across boundaries (that were developed to constraint them) in many countries and hence forms a mass global society. [Worsley. 1999 taken from Clark and Knowles. 2003] Globalisation is an extension of geographic limits of economic activities across national boundaries of multiple countries such that the many internationally dispersed activities get categorized under global definitions and are functionally integrated. [Dicken. 1998 taken from Clark and Knowles. 2003]Â  There are many such definitions that de scribe globalization at economic, cultural, religious, linguistic, political, social, etc. levels but, as reiterated by Clark and Knowles (2003), a clear, concise and consolidated definition is yet to arrive. The paper is targeted to analyze the impact of globalization on the economic and social development of regions across the globe. The methodology employed for the study comprises of the study of the selected empirical literature on globalization. The arguments that support globalization, as well as the ones that criticize globalisations, have been considered to arrive at the conclusions. Vernon (1971) carried out an empirical analysis of the relationship between the globalization of businesses and national economic goals of a country. As per his analytics, the nations look forward to enhancements of much larger systems than just earning profits from exports or duties from imports. Enhancement of infrastructure, people competencies, technology, cross border controls for mutual be nefits, etc., acquisition of foreign currency, better utilization of capitals, higher revenues and margins are some of the economic benefits that nations look forward from globalization. For example, the development of global information and communications technologies (ICT), global aviation and road transportation of the nations is the result of collaborative working among nations to share their competencies and put demands on the industries multilaterally to achieve mutual economic benefits.

Reflection in Two Pictures Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Reflection in Two Pictures - Essay Example It could show his dream to visit the Avant Grade graveyard among other places. From this art work, people need to reflects about their life’s, from where they have come from, how far they have gone, different challenges they have experienced and what awaits them in the future. Peter Beard by Ray Johnson is the second image for reflection in this paper. Johnson, another seasoned artist, creates imaginative works based on what he thinks to reflect on different issues about life. Peter Beard is an exceptional art work, illustrated on board through ink wash and combined with acrylic, collage and pink, it is easy for anyone to know what the image intends to communicate. The image, shows an individual with a single idea on his mind, sees the idea in different dimensions, in this case reflected by use of different colours, and wants to use it to buy his dream car. The image show a frustrated individual, his head full and probably unable to implement the idea. This teaches us to only reflect on a single idea that we can

Business Strategy Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words - 3

Business Strategy - Assignment Example These analyses have assisted the report to evaluate the critical success factors of the organisation. It has also assisted to design various strategic recommendations for the organisation such as STP strategy, Horizontal and Vertical integration and Ansoff’s Matrix. These strategies have been illustrated to suggest the future activities of the organisation to acquire a strong position in the different market segments of Singapore. Value based pricing and cost plus pricing strategies have been recommended for the new as well as existing product line of the organisation. These strategies will assist the organisation to attract new consumers towards their products and services to improve their global market growth. The report is focused on analysing the strategic position of Quirky Inc. to recommend a competitive positioning for the organisation in the Singapore market. In the first stage the analysis of the current strategic position of the organisation will emphasise the internal as well as external environmental analysis of the organisation. This analysis will allow the assessment of key driving forces and critical success factors of the organisation. In the next stage the report will evaluate various strategic options for expanding the business in the Singapore market. It will also provide valuable recommendations to assist the proper execution of the strategies. Quirky Inc. was founded by Ben Kaufman in 2009 and it’s currently situated only in New York. It is a crowd sourcing company specialized in formulating the innovative ideas of the population. The organisation not only encourages inventors to submit their innovative ideas they also assist them to develop new product as per those ideas. The website of the organisation also allows people to sell their innovative range of products. The organisation has strong partnership with various digital retail outlets for instances, Best Buy

Eva Smith in An Inspector Calls :: An Inspector Calls J.B. Priestley Plays Essays

Eva Smith in An Inspector Calls Do you agree that Eva Smith is presented as a victim in the play ‘An Inspector Calls’? How does J.B Priestly use the Inspector to make the Birling family aware of their responsibilities to individuals such as Eva Smith and how successful is he? When Eva Smith is presented to the audience by the Inspector, she is immediately shown to be the victim of the play. The Inspector highlights and describes how each of the members of the Birling family has used Eva Smith. The Inspector shows that each character has victimised her and that each of them has a part to play and a partly responsible for her death. The Inspector soon shows us that he thinks she is a victim as he describes her as â€Å"A pretty, lively sort of girl, who never did anybody any harm.† The Inspector tries to make each family member, including Gerald Croft, guilty for how they have treated Eva Smith. ‘An Inspector Calls’ is a play all about the social attitudes of the time. The play shows the attitudes of high class people such as the Birlings and how they see other members of the community. The Birlings are a rich family and they don’t feel that they should care for other people. They think that they should only be responsible for themselves and there family and not get involved with helping less well off people. Mr Birling put it that â€Å"if we were all responsible for everything that happened to everybody†¦it would be very awkward†¦Ã¢â‚¬  The play shows how Eva Smith is a victim of the attitude of society in 1912. It shows how hard it was for her as she was young, had no family and was unemployed, meaning she had no income to provide for herself. The play shows how some women were forced to beg charities for help to survive or how some young women were even forced into prostitution to provide themselves money to live on. The play highlights the bad way in which women, in a position similar to Eva Smith’s, were treated at that time by society, especially wealthy members of the public with high social statuses such as the Birlings. The Inspector targets each member of the Birling family and shows how they, as individuals, victimised Eva Smith and made her life harder. The Inspector firstly shows how Mr Birling treated her. Mr Birling is the father of the family and has a high status in the community. Mr Birling is a successful business man. He is involved in local politics and is hoping to be given a knighthood.

The Coca-Cola Company Marketing R

The Coca-Cola Company| | | | | An Analysis of The Coca-Cola Company| 6/13/2010| | Table of Contents Title Page1 Table of Contents2 Introduction3 5C’s Analysis4-10 4P’s Analysis11-14 SWOT Analysis & Final Remarks15-17 Introduction In May 1886, John Pemberton, who was a pharmacist from Atlanta, Georgia was the first founder of coca cola. He concocted the coca cola formula in kin three legged brass kettle which the suggestion was given by bookkeeper Frank Robinson. Coke was fist sold at the pharmacy as a non alcoholic version of French wine coca.However, the sales were loss due to over expansion and health problems such as, disease, morphine, addictive, and headache. Because â€Å"Coca-cola† belonged to Charley, it was named coca-cola. Afterwards, Asa Candler, the Atlanta pharmacist/businessman bought the formula from John. His marketing skills were a huge success to the company during the 50th anniversary. His best skills were his promotion ideas. He gave away coup ons for complimentary first takes of coca-cola, gave calendar, urns and clocks to pharmacist. These promotions increased the sales by over 4000% during 1890-1900.Also, he gave minor changes in the ingredient and sold it in bottle, which was first sold in Vicksburg, Mississippi. Because the company was not too happy about the proliferation of copycat beverages and to safeguard the brand, they advertised that focused the authenticity of coca-cola. Later in 1923, Robert Woodruff brought the company from Asa Candler. He was a marketing genius because he observed potential overseas opportunities. He would capitalize on these opportunities by introducing Coke products in the 1928 Olympic Games.Woodruff made innovation by making distribution of 6 packs, open top cooler that was easier for people to drink at home or away, which was a huge success. Coca-Cola would reiterate its dedication towards the globalizing Coca-cola by initiating a series of advertisements linking Coca-Cola to the worl d. A specific advertisement that helped Coca-Cola shine its international appeal occurred in 1970 where Coca-Cola made young people from all over the world sing a song called â€Å"I’d Like to Buy the World a Coke†.Coca-Cola continually succeeded even amid protests of Coca-Cola’s changing of its formula. After protests, Coke Company returned to its old formula. This helped regain its market share over competition and led to the Coca-Cola Company’s introduction of a diet coke product that used Splenda sugar, which was its trademark. In the 21st century, in 2007 it came up with diet coke that contained vitamin B6, B12, magnesium, niacin, and zinc. Diet coke plus was made to be considered as a healthier soda. Coca-cola stopped printing the word â€Å"Classic† on the labels of 16 oz bottles.Coca-cola is committed to local markets and has bottling partners. Currently it is ubiquitous brand, every single time, it is known as â€Å"the most exciting and satisfying beverage. † This report will analyze why and how The Coca-Cola Company was able to achieve its title as the number one soft-drink company in the world. Beginning with an analysis of the 5C’s regarding the company, followed by a 4P’s analysis, and ending with a SWOT analysis, will highlight what factors drove towards Coca-Cola’s dominance in the soft-drink market. 5 C’s AnalysisHaving been in the soft-drink industry for over 100 years says a lot about their experience in the soft-drink industry. Coca-Cola’s long endeavored success has led to their ability to sustain a high market share in the non-alcoholic drink market with their driving force product in Coca-Cola but also in its other products as well. According to their website, Coca-Cola serves up to 1. 6Billion servings a day of their products, which poses the question on how they are able to keep up with such a high demand? An answer lies in their company mission statement, whi ch is to: * To refresh the world†¦ To inspire moments of optimism and happiness†¦ * To create value and make a difference. (Source: http://www. thecoca-colacompany. com) It is this making Coca-Cola a â€Å"part of one’s lifestyle† mentality that has allowed Coca-Cola to expand its brand image from a national level to a global level, which has fueled their dedication to keep up with these mind-boggling demand figures ever since the year of the inception of the Coca-Cola company. Their global image has reached the point where global sales have triumphed over the once dominant national U. S. market.For example, Coca-Cola’s 2008 revenue levels indicated that 75% of its revenues came from global sales, whereas only 25% came from North America. This statistical figure indicates that the Coca-Cola is indeed a global brand. In fact, according to a 2006 study done by Businessweek and Interbrand, Coca-Cola was rated the world’s number one brand: (http://w ww. interbrand. com/images/studies/BGB06Report_072706. pdf) Coca Cola’s ability to recognize the global market size and actually capitalize on it represents a huge part of why Coca-Cola has attained this sort of recognition.Although Coca-cola represents the biggest company in the world, it surprisingly doesn’t bottle and distributes its own products. Instead, franchises of different bottling collaborating companies represent the bulk of the bottling and distribution of Coca-Cola’s products. Coca-Cola does maintain a high amount of market shares in most of these bottling companies, ensuring that heavy demand goals can be met for the Company. Coca-Cola’s biggest collaborators represent Coca-Cola Enterprises, Coca-Cola Femsa, and Coca-Cola Hellenic Bottling Co.The Coca-Cola Company owns 31. 6%, 32%, and 23% respectively of each of these bottling companies. Coca-Cola Enterprises represents the biggest franchisee bottling and distributing company. It bottles a nd distributes for 80% of U. S sales and bottles and distributes for 18% of worldwide sales. Here is a diagram that explains the logistics behind Coca-Cola Enterprises’ operations: Coca-Cola Femsa is heavily focused in Central and South-America, and the Coca-Cola Hellenic Bottling Co is heavily focused within regions spanning from Africa, Europe, and Asia.It is this collaboration methodology that has allowed Coca-Cola to focus more on the development and maintaining of its products and brands. The number of shares that the Coca-Cola invests in most of these bottling companies ensures the alliance will be strong between the two, because they do represent the main driving force behind the bottling and distribution of Coca-Cola’s products. There is recent speculation though that Coca-Cola may indeed fully acquire its biggest collaborator in Coca-Cola Enterprises in wake of Pepsi’s Co. ’s acquisitions of some of their bottling collaborators.Another set of col laborators are represented in its relationships with other companies. As a prominent brand image, many companies have worked with Coca-Cola to help further advertise their own company. These companies can be directly related to Coca-Cola in that Coca-Cola might represent a compliment with their product. These industries include restaurants of all sorts, movie theaters, convenient stores, supermarkets etc. Coca-Cola has usually teamed up with all these type of venues to ensure that its brand gets spread throughout all kinds of settings.This usually results in promotions associated only with Coca-Cola products, the selling of only coca-cola products, or special promotions that include receiving Coca-Cola product if a certain product of the company’s is purchased. A notable relationship in this regard was the deal between McDonald’s and Coca-Cola. In 2009, Coca-Cola and McDonalds continued its over 50 year relationship with each other by reworking a deal where McDonalds w ould feature not only Coke, but many of Coca-Cola’s newer brands as well. This includes Coke-Zero, PowerAde, Fanta, and now even Vitamin Water.Their good relationship with each other helps benefits both companies in that people will link the quality of both brands with each other. It is these direct companies that represent the bulk of Coca-Cola’s sales, since most of Coca-Cola’s products are distributed at these venues. It is up to Coca-Cola to maintain good relations and a strong brand image in order for these direct companies to collaborate with Coca-Cola. Also there are indirectly related company collaborators with Coca-Cola. For example, in 2006 Coca-Cola launched MyCokeRewards.This promotional project allowed users to reap points for the purchasing of any of Coca-Cola’s products. These points could then be redeemed for various prizes, towards a contest, or towards the entering of a sweepstakes. Partnered relationships included in this rewards progra m included: Holiday Inn, Nike, Block Buster, Delta, and Six Flags. Another notable indirect collaborator with Coca-Cola is Apple. In 2006, Apple and Coca-Cola agreed to a collaboration in which a Coca-Cola themed music site was created to promote bands all across Europe with the integration of Apple’s ITunes system.These examples of indirect company collaborators show that though they don’t distribute Coca-Cola’s products, these indirect collaborators help promote their own product along with products of Coca-Cola. Beginning with a smaller form of competition, local drink brands represent the bulk of these competitors. Their only strength is their prevalence in their local location but they have a huge list of weaknesses when compared to the Coca Cola Company. These weaknesses include small amount of assets, lack of product extension, and prevalence outside of their local location.With most of these competitors, the Coca-Cola can simply acquire them through paym ent, or drive them out through a bunch of schemes. These schemes include price gauging or high amounts of advertisements. Since Coca-Cola produces so many types of non-alcoholic drink products, Coca-Cola can easily enter all sects of the drink market in most countries of the world. However it is no doubt that Pepsi Co. represents the biggest competitor of the Coca-Cola Company. Pepsi Co. began in a similar fashion of the Coca-Cola in that Pepsi Co. s most popular product in Pepsi was developed by a pharmacist in 1903. Like the Coca-Cola Company, Pepsi Co. has variations on Pepsi and has a huge product listing of different drinks encompassing the non-alcoholic drink spectrum as well. Pepsi Co. also follows a horizontal integration system with the merger and acquisition of other similar drink products. Some Pepsi Co. ’s other popular drinks besides Pepsi include, Diet Pepsi, 7-Up, Tropicana, Gatorade, Mountain Dew, Aquafina and a bunch of other products.These companies are inde ed direct competitors because they both represent the two biggest drink companies in the world and each one wants to make sure it has the vast majority market shares. The two companies aren’t entirely the same though. Merging with Frito Lay in 1965, Pepsi Co. enjoys the strength benefit of advertising its products along side Frito Lay’s products. This food/drink combination allows both Frito Lay and Pepsi to benefit, since both can make promotions for each of its products. Nevertheless, this can also be induced as a weakness of the company as well.This is because Pepsi has to allocate some resources to the development and production of Frito Lay products, which allows The Coca-Cola Company the ability to slowly take control of the drink market since that is its only focus. Also any negativity with any Frito-Lay products could be linked to Pepsi products if both products are too frequently marketed together. It is these two ideas that could prompt why The Coca-Cola stil l enjoys a higher level of market shares on Pepsi. It’s not entirely because of these two ideas that Coca-Cola still enjoys a higher market share; there are many other factors as well.One specific advantage that Coca-Cola had over Pepsi was that The Coca-Cola Company owned Columbia Pictures from 1982-1989. Between this time, Coca-Cola easily advertised their products indirectly by including it in a multitude of films. Both companies employ similar marketing tactics, in that both try to popularize its main product in Pepsi and Coke respectively. Both companies have used celebrities, sponsorships, multitudes of TV ads, appearances in TV shows/movies, and all kinds of advertisement strategies. However these marketing schemes have caused the two companies to engage in what many call the â€Å"Cola Wars†.Since the 1970’s both companies had countless of ads trying to devalue the other company’s main product: Pepsi initiated this by starting a set of commercials of having Blind Tastes. Deemed as the â€Å"Pepsi Challenge†, these types of ads would extenuate Coca-Cola refuted to some of these ads by producing similar ads and also by producing a new recipe of coke in the 1980’s. It slowly reverted back to its classic formula later on but despite these devaluation schemes, both companies seem to employ the same advertising schemes by portraying their product as a something that should be a part of one’s lifestyle.It has come to a point where whenever Coca-Cola has an advertisement, you’ll most likely see a similar Pepsi advertisement as well. At this point, both companies have become so prevalent in the global market that people usually don’t differentiate between the two main products in Coke and Pepsi. Sure some diehard fans of each company will disagree, but there are plenty of examples where this idea can be seen. For example, you go to a restaurant and you ask for a Coke.When the waitress responds, â₠¬Å"Oh sorry we only have Pepsi†, you’ll most likely respond with â€Å"oh that’s fine. † It has come to this point where both companies can benefit from the competition aspect, but at the same time if one company drops the ball or messes up badly, the other company can easily capitalize on the market since both companies represent the top 2 drink companies in the world. When evaluating the customer of Coca-Cola, it practically has no limits. Besides the alcoholic customer, the Coca-Cola Company has products that encompass all parts of the drink market.The market size of the drink market practically covers the vast majority of the world since it compliments a biological function in replenishing thirst. However it depends on the motive and likes of the customer that will dictate which product he/she will buy. With a huge 3300 different kinds of beverages, Coca-Cola does a great job of not devaluing its most successful Coke brand with its other brands that ta rget different parts of the non-alcoholic drink market. There are examples of devaluation may have occurred, such as in the production of Diet-Coke and Coke-Zero.In the 1980’s was labeled as a time where individuals wanted to live a healthier lifestyle, so Coca-Cola had no choice but to develop a healthier version of its product in Diet Coke since its competitors were following suit. This theme again was reintroduced in the late 2000’s when health issues re-sparked. However realizing certain customer trends and behaviors, The Coca-Cola Company made a separate healthy drink in Coke Zero in hopes of targeting the male population. That’s because trends showed that males didn’t drink Diet-Coke due to the nature of its name being associated with a diet.It was due to immense popularity and recognition of the Coca-Cola brand name and a culmination of systematic advertisements highlighting the healthiness of these diet Cokes that led most of its customer base to not deter away from the original product in Coca-Cola. A following section will dive into the marketing aspects that drive this popularity in its original product of Coke. According to this graph: carbonated soft-drinks represent the higher amount of gallons consumer per capital from 1991-2008.It is because of this staggering trend that Coca-Cola’s most popular products are in its carbonated drinks. This trend has also transcended to the global level because of course Coca-Cola wanted to popularize its main product in Coca-Cola. Here are some statistical figures of per-capita consumption of Coca-Cola throughout the world: Coca-Cola knows the initial popularization of its Coke product will eventually help the sales of its other products. All labels of Coca-Cola’s products in some sort of form state it was manufactured by â€Å"The Coca-Cola Company. Since people can relate to the high brand quality of Coca-Cola, it will interest individuals to try out The Coca-Cola Com pany’s other products. And since the Coca-Cola Company has a product that covers every part of the soft-drink spectrum, customers will soon discovered that the Coca-Cola Company has a product that meets all its non-alcoholic drink needs. This is reflected in recent a sales figure which lists all of The Coca-Cola Company’s products that have garnered over $1billion in sales: The Coca-Cola Company has always strived to respond according to its context.There weren’t many complications in the first half of the company’s history so it was easy for Coca-Cola to flow in into the drink environment and promote itself. But soon after the start of the 1980’s to 2000’s, complications behind the ingredients of Coca-Cola started to arise. This was because health officials noted that Coke could have potential health effects with its high content in sugar and caffeine. More specifically health and government officials noted that Coca-Cola utilized a cheap f orm of sugar called High Fructose Corn Syrup.Developed from corn, this sugar is definitely considered an alternative to natural cane sugar due to its increased availability and its cheap cost. However it does pose a higher health risk since it has been linked to cause obesity and type-2 diabetes at a faster rate than cane sugar. In response to this, Coca-Cola developed product extension lines initially with Diet-Coke and Coke-Zero following suit in 2004. These two products responded well to these health-conscious environments. These types of examples show how the Coca-Cola Company stands behind its mission statement.In no matter what shape or form, the Coca-Cola Company does its best to accommodate towards the current environment of the market. 4P Analysis Product: Coca-Cola offers a portfolio of more than 3,300 products in over 200 countries. Major Brands of Coca-Cola are: Coca-Cola sodas/soft drinks that generate > $1billion in annual sales (http://www. wikinvest. com/stock/Coca-C ola_Company_(KO)) Coca-Cola Dasani Diet Coca-Cola Vitamin Water Fanta Powerade Sprite Minute-Maid Coke Zero Aquarius Barq’s Rootbeer Nestea Odwalla SokenbichaCoca-Cola classic is the most popular and biggest selling soft-drink in history. Coca-Cola Classic is the best-known product in the world and was created in Atlanta, Georgia, by Dr. John S. Pemberton. By 1895 Coca-Cola Classic was being sold in every state and territory in the United States. As stated the driving force of The Coca-Cola company is in its original product of Coca-Cola, but they have slowly evolved their company to not only encompass the soda part of the soft-drink market, but literally of all of the other parts representing the non-alcoholic soft drink market as well.It boasts a total of 3300 different beverages, with some of these beverages having high market share in the soda market as well as the other segments of the non-alcoholic soft drink market. However it can’t be overlooked that the Coca-C ola has participated in Product-Line extensions with the creation of alternative Coca-Cola brands, such as Diet-Coke, Coke-Zero, Vanilla Coke, Green Tea, Cola Lemon, Cola Lemon Lime, Cola Lime, Cola Orange, and even Cola Raspberry, and Cherry-Coke.In a sense, The Coca-Cola’s company approach throughout the years can be seen as a form of Horizontal Integration in that Coca-Cola has expanded internally, with its external growth following suit. This external expansion is reflected by all the mergers and acquisitions of companies that offered similar products. All these factors show why the Coca-Cola Company has evolved to become biggest leader of the soft drink market. Another very popular Coca-Cola soft drink is Sprite. Sprite was introduced in 1961 and is the world leading lemon-lime flavored soft drink.Sprite is sold in more than 190 countries and is ranked Number four in the soft drink worldwide industry because of its crisp, clean taste that really quenches your thirst. Spr ite has a strong appeal to the â€Å"young† generation because of its honest and straightforward attitude that sets it apart from other soft drinks. Sprite encourages you to be true to whom you are and obey your thirst. Product packaging includes products of sparkling drinks and still beverages (water, juices, juice drinks, teas, coffees, sports drinks, energy drinks).Through innovative fountain distribution, Coke-Cola is able to be more flexible and reliable towards consumer satisfaction. Packaging beverages where through plastic bottles and aluminum cans. The Coca-Cola Company is recognized by 94% of the world’s population. According to Coca-Cola product packaging strategy their approach is to identify and utilize the most compelling combination of packaging elements that best communicates what Coca-Cola stands for around the world – Unique taste, great refreshment and authenticity. PLACE: The Coca-Cola Company is the world’s largest beverage company.Be verages are sold in over 200+ locations throughout the world. The Coca-Cola headquarters is located in Atlanta, Georgia, USA. Coca-Cola has an employee net force of approximately 92,400 members. The operating groups are division as: –Eurasia & Africa Group –Europe Group –North America Group –Pacific Group –Bottling Investments Group –McDonald’s Group The Coca-Cola system is a global business that operates on a local scale (community business) that allows Coca-Cola to create a global reach with local focuses because of the strengths of the Coca-Cola system which involves their 300+ bottling partners worldwide.Coca-Cola and their 92,000+ associates around the world live and work in the markets that serve more than 87 percent of outside markets in the U. S. This geographically diverse environment helps Coca-Cola learn from each market and share those learning’s to develop collaborative company culture. PRICE: Pricing varies accord ing to brand and size. Approximately Coca-Cola 2L costs about $1. 68 and a pack of 375mL x 18 cans of Coca-Cola is approximately $9. 98. Studies show that instead of pricing a pack of Coca-Cola as $10. 00, pricing a price even one cent cheaper as $9. 9 is due to the psychological perception of cost strategy that makes the product of the price seem much cheaper even if it is just one or two cents cheaper from the nearest whole number. Coca-Cola’s pricing influences are contributed to Coca-Cola’s products that are sold and distributed to retail stores and set by their pricing strategies. Convenient stores and petrol stations usually sell Coca-Cola products at a fixed price. Discount prices are often set and marked down during sale periods and special occasions to increase sales and profits.Prices are set around competitors and seasons also have an influence in pricing. PROMOTION: Coca-Cola cares about the welfare of animals and supports their proper treatment. Coca-Cola and their U. S. bottling partners will not sponsor events or attractions that feature animals unless the event organizers have policies and procedures in place to support the humane treatment of animals and provide ready access to quality veterinary care to protect the animals' health and safety.For more than 50 years, Coca-Cola has had a policy not to advertise full-calorie, sparkling soft drinks on TV programming that targets children under 12. The Coca-Cola Company believes that children under 12 should not be the audience of Coca-Colas advertising and marketing practices because of the nutritional contents in the beverages that may not be suitable for children under the age of 12. The Coca-Cola Company may have more than one promotion running at any given time and may use many different types and strategies to promote their products.Coca-Cola uses shelving strategy that is the positioning of their products in stores, eye catching position strategy that is the attraction of custo mer attention to Coca-Colas products, sale promotions through sponsorship with schools and sport events ex. FIA World Cup, and UTC (Under the Crown) offering prizes to promote Coca-Cola products. Coca-Cola uses advertising as its main source of increasing consumer awareness. Television is their main advertising source. The music used in advertising is often an original recording produced by agencies specifically for that commercial.Coca-Cola also uses POS (Point Of Sale) that is used through posters and stickers of Coca-Cola and billboards to promote products and the Coca-Cola Company at different site locations. The following amounts reflect the total worldwide amounts spent on print, radio, internet, and television advertising. Advertising expenses included in selling, administrative and general expenses that were approximately: 2006: $2. 6 billion 2005: $2. 5 billion 2004: $2. 2 billion 2003: $1. 8 billion 2002: $1. 7 billion 2001: $2. 0 billion 2000: $1. 7 billion 1999: $1. bill ion 1998: $1. 6 billion 1997: $1. 6 billion 1996: $1. 4 billion 1995: $1. 3 billion 1994: $1. 1 billion 1993: $1. 0 billion SWOT Analysis A SWOT analysis was done on the Coca-Cola Company to pinpoint key factors that led to Coca-Cola’s past and current success in the soft drink market. SWOT stands for Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, and Threats, so to begin with the analysis, the strengths sector will be looked at first. Coca-Cola’s strengths include; strong market strategies, product diversification, and many distribution channels.Coca-Cola uses a mix of great advertisements which include catchy slogans, a strong family-brand image, and also sponsors sporting events. A prime example of one of their successful advertisements was seen with their launch of Coke Zero. Coke Zero is a dietary substitute to the original Coke, like Diet Coke, but claims to have the same flavor as the original Coke. Their slogan that was used was, â€Å"A clear case of taste infringemen t. † Advertisements were run on television of lawyers from Coca-Cola trying to â€Å"sue† Coke Zero for copying their flavor, even though Coca-Cola obviously made Coke Zero.In the end Coke Zero proved to be a big hit for Coca-Cola and continues to be a success. As for their family-brand image, Coke has always been seen as family friendly in the United States of America for a very long time. To illustrate this image, Coca-Cola has utilized a general heuristic marketing, generally aimed at making people link fun and family friendly with the Coca-Cola Company. Some examples include; Coca-Cola’s holiday campaigning, partnerships with â€Å"family-friendly† venues, and prizes that appeal to a typical American family.Santa is seen as the biggest icon and representative of the holiday season. Coca-Cola is the reason for the present-day image of Santa. â€Å"Coca-Cola ® advertising actually helped shape this modern-day image of Santa. † As for their partn erships, Coca-Cola has been a long-time partner with McDonalds. Along with McDonalds, Coca-Cola teamed up with Regal Theaters and the World Wildlife Fund (WWF). McDonalds and Regal Entertainment Group provide family friendly venues targeted for dining and entertainment purposes, respectively. The WWF is a charitable worldwide wildlife and agricultural conservation organization.They teamed up with Coca-Cola to help regulate Coke’s water usage and its effect on the world’s agriculture. All three mentioned companies are seen as family friendly or have a mission statement that is family-approved. Coca-Cola expands their brand awareness by constantly being associated with worldwide sporting events. Coca-Cola is sponsoring the FIFA World Cup, which is the biggest sporting event in the world, the NBA, the NCAA, and NASCAR. Many commercials and billboards can be seen during these sporting events, as they are all advertisements of Coca-Cola. Product Diversification is a valuabl e piece to Coca-Cola’s success.Along with the original Coke line, Coca-Cola also produces various sports drinks, bottled water, energy drinks, and also clothing and merchandise. Coca-Cola is the owner of PowerAde, Dasani, and Full Throttle. Currently, these three brands have a significant presence in the U. S. market that can’t be ignored. Coca-Cola’s many distribution channels may be what makes Coca-Cola so dominant. Coca-Cola created the contour bottle in 1916, and they own shares of major bottling factories around the world. This has led Coca-Cola to be one of the world’s most recognized brands, being recognized by 94% of the whole world.The main weakness that has been found with Coca-Cola is their poor nutritional content. Although Coca-Cola is enjoyed by many different age groups worldwide, Coke is high in sugar and calories, has caffeine, and is associated with many fast foods. This is a problem with Coca-Cola as they have many different partnership s and distribution channels. The fact that Coke is so widely distributed and known gives them a larger opportunity to affect a large number of people. Coca-Cola has been linked with many different diseases and health issues which include; tooth decay, obesity, and diabetes.Although Coca-Cola is the current leading company in the soft drink market, there are still many new opportunities that exist to further strengthen their market share and keep other competitors at bay. Some opportunities that exist include, more sponsorships and diversifying into other segments. As mentioned before, Coca-Cola is currently involved with various sports sponsorships. However, Coca-Cola could broaden their sports sponsorships and gain more visibility. For the events that Coca-Cola is sponsoring, they have little visibility, as they are briefly mentioned in a name or seen on small billboards across the television screen.A suggestion that was thought of was the endorsement of a soccer team. It is a comm on practice for a corporation to endorse a team, and in return, have that corporation’s name and logo printed all over the uniform. An example of this that may be popular in Korea would be the player Park Ji-Sung. Park Ji-Sung plays for Manchester United and they are currently sponsored by AIG. The justification in this form of advertising would the fact that soccer is the world’s most watched sport, and there is no better way than to get a company’s name out to sports fans.Another solution that was taken into consideration is the expansion to different sectors in the food industry. Following the examples of A;W Root Beer and Baskin Robbins, if a Coca-Cola cafe opened up, the results could be great financially. The original idea for a Baskin Robbins Cafe to open up was part of a plan to revitalize the company after years of falling sales. Although Coca-Cola doesn’t have a failing company, this could still boost sales and increase Coca-Cola’s domina nce in the soft-drink industry, while boosting brand awareness among consumers. The last part of the SWOT analysis is threats.When Coca-Cola is thought of, Pepsi is almost always mentioned in the same sentence. Coca-Cola and Pepsi have been battling for the top position in the soft-drink market for years. Although Coca-Cola sits at the top spot for now, Pepsi has and always will be threatening Coke for soft-drink supremacy. From the infamous â€Å"Cola Wars† in the 1980’s-1990’s to the present day market situation, there is always a sense of insecurity and uncertainty of who will be the next #1. Different marketing schemes and ploys have been taken in the past to outdo one another. Starting with clever advertising, blind taste tests, rewards rograms, and partnerships with other members of the food and beverage industry, every new project fuels a constant battle between the two companies. As explained before, Pepsi can be seen as a direct competitor to Coke in a very direct and narrow perspective. However, if the soft drink industry is seen as whole, or rather the beverage industry, any drink offered in the market can be seen as a potential competitor of Coca-Cola. Healthier alternatives include; tea, water, and coffee. Tea and coffee can be seen as a healthier source of caffeine, while water can be seen as a healthier drink alternative in general.Overall, this SWOT analysis was done to see the present issues and potential problems in Coca-Cola’s current market, as well as to find solutions to these issues. Coca-Cola is mainly a provider of their staple drink, Coca-Cola Classic, but they also produce different products within the soft-drink industry. Although there is no correct answer to any current and potential issues, diversification into other food segments and new venues seem like a profitable venture for Coca-Cola. The Coca-Cola Company’s has been on path towards dominance since its inception.Initially popularizing itse lf nationally then capitalizing on global opportunities has led to the major expansion of the Company, which originally started off as a single-product drink company to now a company that boasts a very solid single-product in Coca-Cola with alternatives in all aspects of the non-alcoholic drink market. It’s popularization of Coca-Cola through its schemes of labeling it as fun and family friendly has helped the company strive towards is goals as a company highlighted in its mission of making its products widely available and refreshing the world.Coca-Cola’s current state has shown that it can continue to utilize the same strategies explained towards its success in the future. The Coca-Cola Company has already shown that it can succeed at all types of time periods since the company is well over 100 years old. It’s experience and its smart and effective strategies will be key towards its positive future. ———————†”——————– [ 1 ]. http://www. thecoca-colacompany. com/heritage/cokelore_santa. html